Electrochemistry

0 volt

5 volts

2.04 volts

3 volts

Pb

Pd

Pt

Ni

Distilled water

Sugar solution

Salt solution

Alcohol solution

KCl

KOH

$\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{SO}_{4}$

$\mathrm{NH}_{4} \mathrm{Cl}$

$\Omega \mathrm{m}$

$\Omega \mathrm{m}^{-1}$

$\Omega^{-1} \mathrm{~m}^{-1}$

$\Omega \mathrm{m}^{-2}$

neutral

almost un-ionised

readily decomposed

having high dielectric constant.

a primary battery

also called Leclanche cell

used in transistors and clocks

all of the above

to stop ions to go from one cell to another

to keep the emf of the cell negative

to keep the emf of the cell positive

to maintain the electrical neutrality of the solution in two half cells.

As cathode

As anode

To connect two half cells.

To measure electrode potential.

Oxidation occurs at the cathode

Reduction occurs at cathode

Usually denoted by a negative sign

Is usually made up of non conducting material.

$\mathrm{Cu} \rightarrow \mathrm{Cu}^{+2}+2 e^{-}$

$\mathrm{Cu}^{+2}+2 e^{-} \rightarrow \mathrm{Cu}$

$\mathrm{Cu}^{+} \rightarrow \mathrm{Cu}^{+2}+e^{-}$

$\mathrm{Cu}^{+3} \rightarrow \mathrm{Cu}^{+2}+e^{-}$

resistance

equivalent conductance

conductivity

molecular conductance.

$\Delta G=RT\ln K$

$-\Delta G=RT\log K$

$-\Delta G=2.303RT\log K$

$-\Delta G=(RT\log K)/2.303$

Cells continuously run as long as fuels are supplied.

These are more efficient and free from pollution.

These are used to provide power and drinking water to astronauts in space programme

Fuel cell has low efficiency.

$E_{Al^{3+}/Al}^{\ominus}=-1.66 V$

$E_{TI^{3+}/T1}^{\ominus}=+1.26 V$

$E_{Sn^{4+}/Sn^{2+}}^{\ominus}=+1.15 V$

$E_{Pb^{4+}/Pb^{2+}}^{\ominus}=+1.67 V$